Elements of Film Making Free Essays

One subject that I find entrancing is cinematography, otherwise called film making, and the components used to make an honor winning film. As an on-screen character, I can affirm that it’s not about impeccable acting; you can create a terrible film with awesome on-screen characters. This thought is likewise obvious with the storyline or plot; it should be bolstered by other solid components, for example, camera position, sound, or lighting. We will compose a custom exposition test on Components of Film Making or then again any comparable subject just for you Request Now I’ve learned numerous subtleties and stunts about how the components all work, and I’d like to impart them to you. The principal component I’d like to discuss is music. We as a whole know the melodies in musicals, and every now and again download the soundtracks to tune in and chime in. Despite the fact that I am a performer and a major fanatic of the musicals, the kind of music that I’m alluding to is somewhat extraordinary, and it regularly goes unnoticed. While a few films have instrumental signature melodies that are effortlessly perceived, all motion pictures have mood melodies used to pass on feeling and bolster the scene. Think about the silent introduction scene of Up (Disney-Pixar, 2009). The music helps set the state of mind, or it tends to be utilized to portend something that is going to occur. Simply recollect, music doesn’t make a scene diverting or dismal, yet it encourages it become more clever or more troubled. Essentially changing a tune from a significant to a minor key can cause an occasion to feel entirely unexpected to a watcher. For instance, if you somehow managed to watch a blood and gore film and cut out all the music, it would not be close to as alarming. This happens in light of the fact that the music wouldn’t be making you continually feel sensational and frightful. It is astonishing to see the distinction that a film score can make. The second component that I’d like to stress on is camera situation. It might sound somewhat silly, yet I can guarantee you that it is significant. At the point when you watch a film, a great deal of times you have an inclination that you are a piece of the story, watching everything that is going on to the characters. Here and there, the camera goes about as your eyes; what the camera can see is the thing that you see, and it impacts your point of view. Different occasions, the camera bobs to and fro between every one of the characters and their perspectives. The camera encourages you center around the activity that is going on, and it additionally can be utilized to impart how you ought to feel for the character. It’s difficult to make a discussion between two individuals look proficient without utilizing more than one camera. It’s better to utilize the stature contrasts in where the cameras are set to show that one individual is more predominant than the other. This stunt is found regularly in the Harry Potter motion pictures (Warner Bros. Amusement Inc.). You could utilize restricted perspectives and haziness so as to cause an exceptional scene to appear to be increasingly intense by not permitting the watcher to perceive what the character is running from.It is shocking how movie producers can figure out how to utilize these strategies, just as never demonstrating the camera and group. These are just two of the numerous components that are required, however as I said previously, all components should be solid. At the point when they are generally solid, they work off of one another to make the following brilliant globe winning film. At the point when I previously got inspired by film, I began seeing themes and patterns all alone. You can see these methods in the event that you are just searching for them. I love cinematography in light of the fact that there are such a large number of angles and subtleties to consider; it would be unimaginable for one individual to ace and have a deep understanding of it. In some cases I converse with individuals who are additionally intrigued, and they can impart their insight to me. More often than not, I rewatch scenes or movies to concentrate on one angle, and it permits me to perceive how the filmakers maniplated the perspective. I have perused various articles about them to find out additional, and messed with making my own movies also. I trust that I get the chance to impart more data to other people, and that I’ll keep on learning as much as Possible about it. The most effective method to refer to Elements of Film Making, Papers

Kindergarten Bigger and Smaller Math Lesson Plan

Kindergarten Bigger and Smaller Math Lesson Plan Understudies will analyze two items and utilize the jargon greater/littler, taller/shorter, and that's only the tip of the iceberg/less to portray their individual characteristics. Class: Kindergarten Term: 45 minutes each during two class periods Materials: Grain (Cheerios or something different with comparable pieces)Used pencils and additionally crayonsManipulatives, for example, unifix 3D squares or potentially Cuisenaire rodsPrepared booklets (see below)Pictures of treats or organic product in different sizes Key Vocabulary: more than, not exactly, greater, littler, taller, shorter Destinations: Students will look at two articles and utilize the jargon greater/littler, taller/shorter, and the sky is the limit from there/less to portray their separate properties. Gauges Met: K.MD.2. Legitimately contrast two items and a quantifiable characteristic in like manner, to see which article has â€Å"more of†/â€Å"less of† the quality, and depict the distinction. For instance, legitimately look at the statures of two kids and portray one kid as taller/shorter. Exercise Introduction In the event that you need to get a huge treat or cake to separate among the class, they will be occupied with the presentation! Something else, an image will work. Reveal to them the tale of â€Å"You cut, you choose,† and how that is what number of guardians advise their youngsters to separate things down the middle so nobody gets a greater cut. For what reason would you need a greater cut of treat or cake? Since then you get more! Bit by bit Procedure On the principal day of this exercise, demonstrate pictures to understudies of treats or organic product. Which treat would they need to eat, if this looks great to them? Why? Feature the language of â€Å"bigger† and â€Å"smaller† - if something looks yummy, you’ll need the greater part, on the off chance that it doesn’t look great, you’ll most likely request the littler segment. Compose â€Å"bigger† and â€Å"smaller† on the board.Pull the unifix blocks out and let understudies make two lengths - one that is clearly greater than the other. Compose the words â€Å"longer† and â€Å"shorter† on the block and have understudies hold their more extended pile of 3D squares, at that point their shorter heap of 3D squares. Do this two or multiple times until you are certain that they know the distinction among longer and shorter.As an end movement, have understudies draw two lines - one longer, and one shorter. On the off cha nce that they need to get innovative and make one tree that is greater than another, that’s fine, yet for some that don’t like to draw, they can utilize the basic lines to show the concept.On the following day, survey the photos understudies did toward the day's end - hold a couple of genuine models up, and audit greater, littler, taller, shorter with the understudies. Call some understudy guides to the front of the study hall and ask who is â€Å"taller†. The instructor is taller than Sarah, for instance. With the goal that implies that Sarah is what? Sarah must be â€Å"shorter† than the instructor. Compose â€Å"taller† and â€Å"shorter† on the board.Hold out certain Cheerios in a single hand, and less pieces in the other. On the off chance that you were ravenous, which hand would you want?Pass out booklets to understudies. These can be made as simple as taking four bits of paper and collapsing them fifty-fifty and stapling them. On two confronting pages, it should state â€Å"more† and â€Å"less†, at that point on two different pages â€Å"bigger† and â€Å"smaller†, etc, until you have filled the book. Understudies should set aside some effort to draw pictures that speak to these ideas. Pull understudies aside in little gatherings of three or four to compose a sentence that portrays the ir image. Schoolwork/Assessment: Have understudies and their folks add pictures to the booklet. Assessment: The last booklet can be utilized to assess the understanding that the understudies have, and you can likewise examine their photos with them as you pull them in little gatherings.

Current Social Issues

Current Social IssuesThere has been a lot of talk about current social issues in the news, politics and even in the home. The sad part is that many of these issues are the result of societal changes. From a very serious perspective, there are many reasons why people are becoming more involved in social justice.Everyone is aware that the world needs to change, and it will change for the better. In some instances, those trying to solve problems in society are advocates or activists for social change. While the ultimate goal is to 'make the world a better place,' they also want to spread the good word about the good that can be done through social change. This could also include humanitarian causes, so long as they are working towards changing the course of a negative trend.Many organizations such as the NAACP are using social media to amplify their message about current social issues and their continued pursuit for the goal of a just society. In their mission statement, they believe, ' All peoples must be accorded equal rights and respect.' They also emphasize their belief, 'A nation under God is not bound by law to another.'There are many people who have personal motivations for being involved in social issues. Maybe they believe that they can make a difference by using their talents and passion to make a difference in society. Some people may believe that they have an obligation to be present for a cause that has meaning to them and their values.It can be difficult to pinpoint exactly what the long-term effect of social issues will be. It may depend on the length of time the change is intended to last. Even when you are trying to find the right balance between progress and social responsibility, it will be hard to accurately predict the overall outcome.In many cases, future changes may not be so favorable to everyone. With that said, there are still many positive effects of having active citizens who participate in various initiatives to bring awareness to socia l problems. The advantage to this is that if an issue does not get the attention it deserves, it may create a ripple effect that could become very damaging to social change efforts.In order to answer the question of how social issues will affect you, it is important to look at yourself. Not only do you need to think about the things that affect you personally, but you should also consider how these issues will affect those around you. You should not underestimate the power of the Internet and social networks. There is no doubt that many people around the world would want to see social change happen and it is possible that many will follow the same path that you have chosen.Ultimately, when it comes to social issues, you should be able to agree with other people that change needs to happen. The more active you are in your community, the more effective you will be at affecting change in the desired direction. For instance, people who speak out against bullying or sexism may not have a n easy time getting people to listen to them, but in the end, they could be the most effective advocates.

Global Warming Reflection Paper - 1510 Words

Global Warming Reflection This paper will address the following questions based on the movie, â€Å"An Inconvenient Truth.† It will provide a summary of the film. Additionally, it will describe feelings toward environmental and social implications regarding climate changes. It will answer questions regarding the global warming. Plus, it will recommend survival strategies for the here and now, and the future. Furthermore, it will give a summary of the whole global warming subject. Summary of movie and what it is about The Inconvenient Truth is a documentary film about global warming on planet earth. The film is directed by Davis Guggenheim and presented by former United States vice president Al Gore. The purpose of the film is to educate†¦show more content†¦4. How can â€Å"peer reviewed† information about global warming in professional journals and information about global warming in the popular press can be reconciled? The peer reviewed information from journals and from popular press can be reconciled by exchanging info between the two. Additionally, freedom of speech should be another technique that should be used to merge the info. Some of the popular press does not want to publish global warning information because their superiors do not support it. 5. The plight of the polar bear related to global warming is all too evident. What other animals in the Artic Circle and Antarctica are endangered as the ice caps disappear? According to the movie An Inconvenient Truth, seals, penguins, wolves, land birds are endangered species in Arctic Circle and Antarctica. 6. At no time does Al Gore mention nuclear energy. Why do you think Al Gore avoids discussing this source of energy? How much energy in the United States is derived from nuclear energy? Find the nation that maximizes the use of nuclear energy? According to Wikipedia, The United States produces the most nuclear energy, with nuclear power providing 19% of the electricity it consumes, while France produces the highest percentage of its electrical energy from nuclear reactors—80% as of 2006. 7. Al Gore mentions Carl Sagan several times. Who was he? According to Wikipedia, he was anShow MoreRelatedThe Astounding and Indisputable Surrounding Scientific Evidence Global Warming938 Words   |  4 PagesThe topic of global warming is one of great discussion throughout the scientific community. The scientific evidence surrounding the global warming is astounding and undisputable such as the occurrence of heat-sealing carbon dioxide confirmed in the mid-19th century. With increased greenhouse gasses, the earth’s temperature is warming. The earth is also responding to solar outputs seen in ice cores sampled from Greenland, Antarctica. In addition, sea levels are rising rapidly compared to yearsRead MoreGlobal Warming Forewords Global warming is the result of a large concentration of CO2 and1400 Words   |  6 PagesGlobal Warming Forewords Global warming is the result of a large concentration of CO2 and greenhouse gases (GHGs) in the atmosphere. Human activities such as burning fossil fuels, deforestation, and emissions are held responsible for this situation developing. The climate change is the result, and a factor of global warming. There are several factors impacting global warming, and these include ozone layer depletion, carbon cycle, pollution, human actions, and orbit of the earth. There is a debateRead MoreIndividual Global Crises Are the Result of a Failing Global System747 Words   |  3 Pagesinformation. In this paper I am going to explore many issues of global crises. I will argue that global crises such as environmental degradation, the diminishing of fossil fuels, food shortages, economic instability, and international terrorism are all the result of a failed global system. In the first section of this paper I will define and connect all of these global issues and discuss why each is a social problem . This will be followed by a critical reflection of the failed global system. Ahmed (2012)Read MoreThe Devastating Effects of Global Warming Essays1651 Words   |  7 PagesWhat is global warming and what does it mean. Global warming is any substantial change in Earth’s climate. Global warming refers to climate change that causes an increase in the average temperature of the lower atmosphere. Global warming can have many different causes, but it is most commonly associated with human interference, specifically the release of excessive amounts of greenhouse gases. Global warming is also known as the greenhouse effects. The increase of human population has affected theRead MoreClimate Change Essays1637 Words   |  7 Pagesclimatologists, the notion of Global warming today is commonly heard but very misunderstood. One might ask, what exactly is global warming and should we care? According to What is Global Warming? in LiveScience, global warming is a gradual increase in the t emperature of Earths surface and atmosphere, that has become a world-wide environmental issue.1(Lallanilla,2013) Similarly, this topic is one of great controversy because of widely differing opinions on current global warming rates and the impact byRead MoreIssues and Debate of Anthropogenic Climate Change763 Words   |  3 Pagespublic, political, and scientific awareness. 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Readings such as: Poverty, the environment, and the market, Tangled routes, the story of stuff, and This Changes everything gave us a glimpse into how humans are the primary contributors to climateRead MoreWhat Criteria Do For More Important? Ideas, Proper English Grammar?1610 Words   |  7 Pageswould you give in this situation? We could find online research that could easily support or disprove another’s claim. The idea then is to read through the document, and find the reference for support. As a Roman Catholic person, I had to write a paper against the pro-life movement in America contrary to my religious beliefs. Since I had lost a classroom bet and had to honor it, I completed the essay and received an a good grade. I found references that supported my claim and used them to dispelRead MoreIn This Essay I Will Discuss The Argument Of Should All1607 Words   |  7 Pagesthe whole world (developing and western countries) as well as possibly inspiring more people to read and advance their education but despite this there is much contradiction of if its overrated or just downright a waste of money as they believe that paper books are far superior and that this technology was never needed or wanted. I will elaborate on all of these points and more. No all books shouldn’t be E-Books as Johnathan Franzen says â€Å"e-books are damaging for society†¦Ã¢â‚¬  and then goes on to say â€Å"itRead MoreWe Spend $ 50 To Make The World A Better Place1511 Words   |  7 Pagesconsequences. Author Lomborg asks all of us to stop talking grandly and vaguely about addressing global difficulties and instead to rank them based- not only on the potential harm they can give but also on our ability to shift things around. He added that we choose to govern but this pity book forces us to choose†. In my own opinion, I would definitely say that this book is worth reading by everyone to have reflection. BOOK CONTENT The book contains only nine chapters and have over-all 174 pages which

Julius Caesar Character Analysis - 1332 Words

Brutus’s Wife Of all female characters in Shakespeare, few possess the vigor and assertion that Portia demonstrates in Shakespeare’s classic political tragedy, Julius Caesar. Overshadowed by all of the chaos and unrest in the life of our protagonist, Brutus, a complex emotional and ethical journey is taking place, represented by Portia, Brutus’s wife. Portia exists in the text to shed light and understanding on an arch that isn’t always as apparent to the audience. In production of the play, directors, designer, and actors can make hugely influential choices in order to mold this humble plot device into a story as worthy of notice as the violence and gore that often overtakes it. Draped in flowing teal cloth, Portia is a visual anomaly in†¦show more content†¦Can I bear that with patience, And not my husband’s secrets?† In this monologue, Portia acknowledges her inherit weaknesses being a woman, but pleads that despite that, she is strong enough to share in Brutus’s struggles, highlighting her position as a wife, and a woman that is both compassionate and powerful. The director focuses on the issue of gender and power in the play additionally by casting actor Amy Burks as Casca, a traditionally male character. Rather than rejecting the actor’s gender, the director chose to emphasize it with help from Krawchuk, who added particularly feminine accents to the standard costume design, such as floral lace cutouts in the shoulders of Casca’s shirt. Through this, Jenkins, the director, clearly showcases his personal beliefs, which can be assumed to fall along more feminist ideations of empowering women, and the belief that they yield power measurably equal to their male counterparts. Decius Brutus, another powerful and influential character, is also cast as a woman, played by actor Bri anna Johnston. In the original text, Portia demonstrates her fortitude by purposefully wounding her leg, though this was cut from the modified script used for The Shakespeare Company’s production. This act is a sign of physical strength, which coincides with the theme of physical weakness in the play, suggesting that physical strengths and weakness determine how fit a person is toShow MoreRelatedCharacter Analysis of Julius Caesar1421 Words   |  6 PagesJulius Caesar Character Analysis Cassius Strengths and Weaknesses Cassius was one of the conspirators against Cesar and proves to be a powerful character in Shakespeares, Julius Caesar. He has much strength and very few weaknesses and this helped him achieve small goals that led to his main goal of killing Caesar. One of Cassius strengths is his ability to influence people using flattery and pressure. In Act 1, Scene 2, Cassius demonstrates this strength by influencing Brutus to think moreRead MoreJulius Caesar Character Analysis Essay1017 Words   |  5 Pages The author of Julius Caesar is William Shakespeare, an English poet, playwright, and actor, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language. He was born on July 13 in 1564 and died in 1616. It was written to be a tragedy and was one of the seventh plays written off true events that happened in Roman time. Also includes Coriolanus, Antony, and Cleopatra. Drama of the play focuses on Brutus’ struggle between the conflicting demands of honor, patriotism, and friendship. Opens with â€Å"twoRead MoreJulius Caesar Character Analysis899 Words   |  4 PagesApparently, the North Star is also a pincushion. William Shakespeare’s play Julius Caesar, is about the assassination of the titular future king and the aftermath of this event. Julius Caesar was loved by all the common people but hated by the aristocracy. Many characters in this play end up dying due to this event. Many of them had thought themselves immortal. As a genius playwright, Shakespeare was able to include hidden messages in his plays. In this specific play, he was able to demonstrateRead MoreJulius Caesar Character Analysis852 Words   |  4 Pagesdislike people. In this play, Julius Caesar, there were many different characters with many different personalities. I believe that Soothsayer is the most honorable character, and I believe that Brutus is the most corrupt. I believe that Soothsayer is the most honorable character for multiple reasons. One reason I believe this is because he tried to warn Caesar two times about the Ides of March. Caesar marked him as unimportant, and he ignored Soothsayer. Despite Caesar saying he was unimportant, heRead MoreJulius Caesar Character Analysis1546 Words   |  7 Pagesmight, or will, start taking advantage of them. In one of Shakespeare’s plays, The Tragedy of Julius Caesar, it demonstrates that being too trusting of someone could end with bad consequences. In The Tragedy of Julius Caesar, one of the main characters, Brutus, trusted his best friend, Cassius, with everything. Brutus trusted that Cassius was right about him being a new ruler of Rome, how killing Caesar would make a safer and better living space for the community, and that the people would supportRead MoreJulius Caesar Character Analysis785 Words   |  4 Pageslanguage† (Keach 253). In the play Julius Caesar, William Shakespea re uses metals to add emphasis to the play. These references to metal are used in the play as a form of characterization, as a way to establish the mood, and as a way to explain the ideas of the characters. The characterization helps the audience to have a better understanding of the characters and their personalities, the mood further explains what the characters are feeling in relation to Caesar and his death, and they emphasizeRead MoreJulius Caesar Character Analysis842 Words   |  4 PagesWhen it comes down to identifying true friends, not everyone will show loyalty in the same way. In the play Julius Caesar by William Shakespeare, Brutus and Antony have flaws and varying beliefs which led them down different paths, as well as individual ways of displaying this ardent behavior. Everyone has different faults or quirks that can get in the way and cause us to do some pretty hurtful things. But Shakespeare shows us that although these flaws produce bad outcomes, they might have more positiveRead MoreJulius Caesar Character Analysis2014 Words   |  9 PagesJulius Caesar is a play about the death of Julius Caesar and how his death affects the Roman Empire. The play was written in 1599 by William Shakespeare. Even though the play is about Julius Caesar, the main character isn’t Julius Caesar, but really is Brutus. Brutus deals with internal conflict during the play because at first he doesn’t want to cause any harm to his emperor but Cassius convinces him that the other senators and he should do something about Caesar. Cassius is another senator forRead MoreJulius Caesar Character Analysis Essay834 Words   |  4 Pageswas once a friend that ended up costing someone’s life. In the play Julius Caesar the entire situation gets out of hand, Caesar had still thought his true friend, Cassius, was loyal to him. Cassius is to be known of betraying, his once good friend, Caesar. Even someone as loyal as one may think, everyone’s potenti al can be unexpected and hazardous. The situation gets even more out of control as Cassius decided to deceive Caesar, only then to hurt him in the end. Cassius appears to be a threat, althoughRead More Brutus Character Analysis in Shakespeares Tragedy of Julius Caesar964 Words   |  4 PagesCharacter Analysis: Brutus William Shakespeares play, The Tragedy of Julius Caesar, was mainly based on the assassination of Julius Caesar. The character who was the mastermind behind the assassination was, ironically, Marcus Brutus, a senator and close friend to Julius Caesar. But what would cause a person to kill a close friend? After I examined Brutus relationship towards Caesar, his involvement in the conspiracy and his importance to the plot it all became clear. Brutus had one particular

Essay Questions On Sleepless Nights - 2127 Words

Nick Flint English 2010 Oct 7, 2014 To Go Or Not To Go? Sleepless nights. Worry. Avoiding the often asked questions: â€Å"Are you going to college? Where? When? For What?† These are some of the frustrations of a high school student nearing the end of his high school education. All the while he or she is wondering, â€Å"Is college worth it?† They rarely receive the answer they wish for. The truth is, there is no right or wrong decision. The amount of education a person receives should be catered to his or her needs and the lifestyle of his or her choice. When looking for a career, many people look at average wages and how many years of schooling are usually required. What they should be doing is matching their interests with the aspects that make up a certain career. A successful job is not one that makes the most money or has the highest social status, but one that gives a sense of fulfillment. Humans thrive off feeling like they are making a contribution to the world. Do You Have Enough Money? â€Å"Why do some students borrow more than $40,000 for a bachelor’s degree when average borrowing is only half that?† (257). This is the question Robin Wilson tries to answer in â€Å"A Lifetime of Student Debt? Not Likely†. Wilson claims that most loans bigger than $20,000 really are not necessary. Students usually get into huge amounts of debt when they choose the college of their dreams, rather than the most cost effective choice. He has spoken with many people who have acquired high amountsShow MoreRelatedCause And Effect Essay Sleep Deprivation1134 Words   |  5 Pages Shubhanker Gaur Com 1101(09) 03/17/2016 Essay 4 Cause and Effect Essay Sleep Deprivation Cause and effect Essay Sleep deprivation Most people have at least stayed awake for the entire night once during their lifetime. This behavior is common amongst individuals enrolled in High School or pursuing University degree. One might wonder how lack of sleep for the night impact him/her. However, it has being proven that being awake for 24 hours has unpleasant effects on health.So why is sleep so importantRead MoreMy Literacy Experience1072 Words   |  5 Pages My literacy experience What does it mean knowing how to read and write. I take literacy skill very seriosly that will help me in the future. I know such skills dont come easy, it requires hard work, sleepless night. The reason why I go to school is to make mistakes, correct them and not to repeat them again. I always improve my skills through curiosity to learn something new, not being able to read and write would keep me in a darkness without seeing beautiful things that surround me. I haveRead MoreEssay about Happy Endings True Love8166 Words   |  33 Pagesorganises, indeed constitutes, the classical American cinema as a whole. -Raymond Bellour (Bellour, 1974, 16) You dont want to be in love - you want to be in love in a movie. -Becky, Sleepless in Seattle Reality and love are almost contradictory to me. -C#233;line, Before Sunset This essay is primarily concerned with the concept of the Hollywood romance happy ending. On a broader scale, it is also concerned with addressing the relationship of these endings to something which (IRead MoreLet them eat dog Essay833 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Let Them Eat Dog Written by: JONATHAN SAFRAN FOER The analysis is based on the essay by JONATHAN SAFRAN FOER titled â€Å"Let Them Eat Dog†. This essay debates a topic that at first glance would seem to have a logical answer of no but the author provides many reasons that may make you wonder why is no the answer. What would your response be to the question should we eat dogs? First from a rational appeal, the author challenges you to remove the emotion or stigma from the act of using a dog for meatRead MoreThe Negative Side Of A Wandering Mind964 Words   |  4 Pagesindividuals avert their attention from a current task to the thoughts in their minds. The ability to think about something else and escape from the task at hand (e.g., studying, driving, or eating) can be both a benefit and a detriment in daily life. This essay will explore the setbacks of mind wandering (e.g., productivity level and distraction) and the effect it has on humans’ overall mood. It is almost always a good thing to plan ahead, but thinking about the future can often lead to an increase of stressRead MoreProcrastination Is An Inborn Characteristic1307 Words   |  6 Pagesthe stress of beginning a project or essay at the last minute and scrambled to finish on time. However, I differ in that I am a consistent procrastinator. I have been told by my sister, who is a junior in college, that if you have free time in college you probably are procrastinating. Judging by the amount of free time I have had in just the first semester of college, I would say that I’ve done a fair amount of procrastinating. Ordinarily, I wait until the night before an exam to start studying orRead MoreStress : Stress And Health1336 Words   |  6 Pagesreacts or adapts to the stressful situation. Chapter 12 states that stress can lead to health issues such as suppression of the immune system and cardiovascular wear and tear. Stress can play a huge role in our health and this ess ay will answer some of the stress questions such as three things that stress me out, a stressful situation in my life and eating habits when stressed. The first topic is things that are currently causing me stress. One of the main things that are causing me stress rightRead MoreThe Strenuous Cycle Of Stress1111 Words   |  5 PagesAlex Corbin College Composition Mr. Short 22 January 2016 The Strenuous Cycle of Stress For the past year and a half I have been swamped with college visits, essay writing lessons, standardized testing tutoring, endless family discussions, and stress beyond belief. It was not until recently, when I was accepted into college, that the chaos finally ceased†¦ barely. The size of the burden that the college process places on high school juniors and seniors is too enormous to measure and too unnecessarilyRead More Samuel Taylor Coleridges Life and Achievements1007 Words   |  5 Pagesbeing in her presence. Coleridge begins to serenade her with a song with she grieves in. The song tells of an old tale which was suited for that particular time. He admires all her physical traits, such as her low eyes. The knight travels day and night restless across mountains to face his demon. The knight defeats the demon and rescues what he calls his â€Å"Lady of the Land†. The woman thanked the knight by curing for all his wounds. As he was dying, she cried, yet sear ched in his face to see if theyRead MoreThe Purpose Of My Research Conducted For This Paper Was1677 Words   |  7 Pagesaffect those as young as two years old. There are many different factors that play a part in how the body functions and reacts. I will be reviewing the information gained during my research. Throughout my paper I will be answering several different questions and discussing key points in reference to the disease. Where did Parkinson’s get its name? How does this disorder affect the human body? What complications if any are a result of it? Are there any known types of treatments linked to this disorder

Globalization Through Of Knowledge Ideas â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Globalization Through Of Knowledge Ideas? Answer: Introducation Moral operating system is a guideline to deciding between what is right or wrong when making decisions involving technology. Technology has given technologists a lot of power through data that they collect. This data includes personal data that can be easily misused. Technology has enhanced globalization through transfer of knowledge and ideas. It enables access of data from any part of the world that can be used for good or evil. Technology can be used to misuse intellectual property rights, privancy, or dignity of a person or idea (Heikker, 2015). Therefore the making of technological software involves a big deal of moral decision on whether it right or wrong. The following write-up discusses how to standardize decisions using moral operating system when it cannot be quantified by numbers or equations and everyone has differing opinion on what is right and wrong. First, when the equations or numbers cannot quantify moral operating system, the decision to create and use a technology should be based on a reason to do the right thing. The technologists have a duty to follow what is right. They have to apply this moral operating framework and determine what is right or wrong when making decisions about the software they are developing on basis of what is right. The duty to do and follow the right thing requires one to a bid with existing laws, rights or policies (Sherblom, 2015). For instance, the decision to develop software that infringes intellectual property rights should not be developed. This is because the technologist has an obligation to follow what is right to others by not violating someone else rights of intellectual property. Secondly, moral operating system can be standardized by evaluating the purpose of the technology. The technologists should evaluate what the technology is doing to the end user. For instance, the technologist should not be focused to making money and protecting their own interests at the expense of users privacy and dignity. It is required that the technology serves a purpose and protects users privacy and dignity. Thirdly, technologist can use the utilitarian moral framework. The framework can be used to weigh the consequences of the choices that are to be made. The decision to be made should be the one that maximizes pleasure and minimizes pain. The technologist is then guided by the moral framework of developing software based on the positive consequences that has minimum negative consequences to end user. For instance, a technologist should make a decision that does more good to the society by working on the existing problem rather than developing software that works on a specific need by creating other problems. Lastly, moral operating system can be standardized by evaluating decision from a humanity perspective (Horowitz, 2011). This can be done by discussing the idea with someone from a different profession to get their reasoning about the idea. This will enable technologists to make decisions that are sensitive to human considerations. For instance, discussing an idea with someone from humanities profession can help a technologist make a decision that is sensitive to human considerations because of the difference in thinking about human problems. Therefore, it can be concluded that standardizing decisions using moral operating system requires thinking on bases of not what technologies can do but what they should be doing. This will ensure that technologies develop and use a lot of data that they obtain from users for the common good leading to an ethical profession. References Heikker, T. (2015). Moralizing Technology: Understanding and Designing the Morality of Things. by Peter-Paul Verbeek. Technology and Culture, 56(1), pp.265-267. Horowitz, D. (2011). We need a moral operating system. [video] Available at: https://www.ted.com/talks/damon_horowitz#t-958962 [Accessed 14 Sep. 2017]. Sherblom, S. (2015). A Moral Experience Feedback Loop: Modeling a system of moral self-cultivation in everyday life. Journal of Moral Education, 44(3), pp.364-381.

Philippine Report Election free essay sample

CEPPS Philippines Election Observation Program Strengthening the Electoral Process IFES Final Report August 2004 Authors: Peter Erben Beverly Hagerdon Thakur Craig Jenness Ian Smith Acknowledgements The IFES team wishes to thank the government and authorities of the Republic of the Philippines for the invitation to observe the 2004 election cycle, and for their cooperation and support throughout. It also wishes to thank the Commission on Elections (COMELEC), its chairman, commissioners and its many officials at all levels both for access and assistance during a very busy time. The IFES team wishes to thank the Supreme Court and numerous judges and court officials; and the many candidates, party representatives, NGO activists, media representatives, teachers, citizens, and other election stakeholders who took the time to share their views and experience with us. Election stakeholders in the NCR region, region IV, and region V also deserve special mention for their hospitality during field visits from IFES team members. We will write a custom essay sample on Philippine Report: Election or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page We would also like to take this opportunity to commend the participants and guests of the working groups and Round Table for their enthusiastic discussion and commitment to electoral reform in the Philippines. In particular, all participants were honored by the presence and words of former President Corazon Aquino. The IFES team would like to thank all of the people with whom we met, and hopes the report does justice to their varied and thoughtful insights. Representatives of the Consortium on Electoral Reforms (CER) deserve special mention for their generosity and collegiality. Finally, the IFES team wishes to acknowledge and thank our partners at NDI and IRI, and USAID for their generous support. This report was made possible through support provided by the U. S. Agency for International Development, under the terms of Award No. 492-A-00-04-00016-00. The opinions expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the U. S. Agency for International Development. Copyright  © IFES, 2004 Table of Contents 1. Executive Summary 2. Introduction 3. Legal Framework 4. COMELEC 5. Pre-election Issues Automation of the Count and Canvass Electronic Transmission of Results Voter Registration Voter Education Training of BEIs and BOCs 6. Election Day Issues 7. Post-election Issues Canvassing Preliminary Election Results Complaints, Adjudication, and Sanctions Election-related Violence Cheating: Perception and Reality Constitutional Amendment 8.

Reflection †Thank You for Smoking essayEssay Writing Service

Reflection – Thank You for Smoking essayEssay Writing Service Reflection – Thank You for Smoking essay Reflection – Thank You for Smoking essayThe movie under consideration is entitled â€Å"Thank You for Smoking† and is a successful adaptation of the novel by Christopher Buckley. Jason Reitman’s media sharp satire deals with cigarette industry and a brilliant career of the tobacco lobby Nick Naylor, whose job is to present daily proof that there are no problems with tobacco indeed killing many each year. On continuing to defend them he promotes a cover anti-smoking advertising and wins several arguments demonstrating his moral flexibility. It is a true challenge to defend a controversial issue that is evidently harmful, analyze the issue and demonstrate it from another angle. Nick insists on tobacco being overreacted as a social issue and finds it important for everyone to decide for himself what is best. He has to do his job though it seemingly goes against what he believes as a young father. However, speaking to the audience in the assembly, the spokesman accen tuates that tobacco education should be first and foremost at family level. He teaches his son that nothing can be totally proven and that the beauty of an argument is that if you argue correctly, you’re never wrong. Nick talks fluently of challenging things, but the climax is when he is straightly asked if he gives his son the first cigarette, he appears to lose part of himself at the very moment he acknowledges it. Nick demonstrates liberal tolerance and his toleration of his son’s future smoking contradicts with his moral obligation to his son to safeguard his life and health.Thus, the spokesman violates the ethical to reestablish it later. He sacrifices his son’s future health for a greater ethical good, that is freedom of choice. He shows that he won’t compel his son act this or that and sacrifices his personal victory for the benefit of society. Freedom is high above that and his son’s health doesn’t outweigh the right of every citizen to make free choices. Nick’s job lies in making dangerous products like tobacco more appealing to the American public along with other members of the MOD Squad. But only he demonstrates how his own maxims and intentions contradict with his actions and results. On the one hand, he probably uses others as mere means in his scheme of action, during anti-tobacco advertising campaign or deceives people on TV show when he proves that tobacco industry wouldn’t like to lose its consumer and kill him by the example of a 15-year old boy dying from cancer. He gives his audience who doesn’t now his real maxim some false promises that he is not going to keep. On the other hand, the character acts beneficently as he tries to achieve what others want and lobbies freedom of choice, his beneficence being selective.   Though we cannot say that from the very beginning his words express his true intentions, but according to the Formula of the End in Itself   his intentions fos ter others ends and promote freedom of choice without any constrain. Nick Naylor definitely faces moral dilemma when human happiness demands the sacrifice of someone’s lives and welfare. Despite using his audience as mere means at first, his intention at the end is to bring them to happier result valuing the life and choice of each and every person. The character shows that no one should be an instrument and mere means in others hands, humans should be treated as ends in themselves for their own benefit.

Where Are You Going Where Have You Been Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Where Are You Going Where Have You Been - Essay Example She is the complete opposite of Connie’s, which is the prime reason why Connie’s mother nags her and expects her to emulate her sister more. Their mother is a typical maternal figure and is the source of Connie’s distress, who sometimes wished for her mother to die. Whereas, her father was a busy man, who always worked and hardly had time to talk to anyone in the family. 2. How does Connie view her mother, and vice versa?   Connie views her mother as the primary source distress and frustration in her life as her mother always expects her to be more like her sister. They bicker almost all the time and in the story it is often hinted that her mother envies Connie’s youth and beauty both things that Connie’s mother has lost but Connie admires them in the mirror all the time. There is a lot of friction between the two characters and at one point Connie even wishes for her to die. 3. Why is the father's role so minimal in the story? How is this signifi cant?   The story depicts a typical American family, with a mother, father and two children. The father is shown to be the provider and he takes care of all the demands and needs of the family. His role is largely minimal in the story because the author wants to point out the general role of a father in a domestic household, where the man works and the mother manages the household and is responsible for rearing the children. 4. What are the "two sides" of Connie's life? Why is she split this way?   The two sides of Connie’s life represent ‘fantasy’ and ‘reality’. The schism between these two facets of Connie’s life is understandable, as reality depicts what Connie really is and her fantasy include what she wants to be. In reality, Connie is juts a 15 year old and though she is beautiful, she still has a very childlike view of the world and boys in general. She just pretends to act like an adult but when the time came to stand up to Arnold Friend she yelled for her mother, which showed her juvenile insecurity in her nature. The split in the two sides to her life came with the notion that Connie can never fir in to what she imagined herself to be. 5. How does Connie feel about boys? Sex? Is she a typical teen in her fantasies?   Connie for all her immaturity is aware of the beauty that she endowed with. She acts as an adult to convey a powerful sexual image but lacks the power to consistently carry that image due to her juvenility. Her sexual fantasies are largely based on the pop-culture of the society and wishes for a fairy-tale like sexual experience but when she goes with a boy for the first time in an alley, she realizes that life a has lot more to it than just fairytales. However, her immature fantasies are understandable because she is just a 15 year old girl and is just acting her age; hence, Connie is depicted as an archetypal starry-eyed teenager in the story. 6. What is the significance of Arnold's masquer ade? (Car, clothes, boots, glasses...). Why can't Connie see through it at first? At what point does she begin to see through the mask?   There is a story motif attached to Arnold’s character in the story with his Gold convertible, expensive clothes and shades. He represents ‘desire’ for every teenager, because young people at some point or another all dream about more money and power. He even exudes certain amount sexuality that draws Connie towards him; which signifies the materialistic approach that every teenage girl or boy has at this age. However, she soon realizes that when he starts to threaten that he would harm her family that is when she realizes the scary face behind the

Summary for each of the reading Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Summary for each of the reading - Assignment Example A woman can try harder to be taken seriously but it totally depends upon the other person weather he takes you and your ideas seriously or not. To be taken seriously means that a person pay attention to and reply to you. It also means that what you think and what you do matters to others. However, it does not mean to be appreciated or to be respected. If a person thinks that your ideas are innocent, senseless or ordinary then he or she is not taking you seriously (Enloes, 2014). This chapter is based on a public conservation that took place on October 26, 2004, during an important UN peacekeeping and philanthropic support operation in Haiti. This event was directed and presented by Carol Cohn. The speech was started by Nadine Puechguirbal who has a PhD in political science. She started talking about the flood that took place in Haiti and how the hurricane destroyed a city named Gonaives. She also talked about how the UN community provided charitable support the people of Gonaives. The people of Gonaives lost their houses and were living in shelters provide by the UN communities. In these very shelters violence was going on against women by the men so that they could get control over the shelters, food and water. These women did not get anything to eat or drink and therefore they started selling themselves to get food. A few cases of sexual violence were also reported in Gonaives. This book mentions that humanitarian communities are working to provide securi ty to the women so that they can protect themselves as well as their shelter and food. The War of Terror is one of the most destructive and enormous combats between different countries of the world that caused massive destruction of societies, beliefs, buildings and financial well-being, trust of the public and other bodies. The war that took place between Iran and US destroyed major instillations within Iran including nuclear research facilities and electric companies. The

Essay Free

Essay Free Will Essay â€Å"Free Will† takes one of the central questions of any religious realm. Whether a human has a freedom in his choice? Whether a human can make a personal, independent decision such us what he should do in each situation? Or are all of his actions predetermined, and the possibility of making a free choice an illusion? Since the time of the Greek philosopher Socrates to modern times, philosophers, theologians, scientists have tried to prove the existence of â€Å"Free Will† or its absence, and as well have to answer to the question do people have real control over their actions? The question, about existence of â€Å"Free Will†, appeared in ancient Greek philosophy. Socrates and his followers believed that the dependence of the lower sensual impulse is an equivalent to slavery, but responsible subordination which was inspired by human mind, means a â€Å"Free Will†. Socrates argued that all humans are looking for the good behavior, but not all equally know what good behavior is. If a person really knows what the true goodness is, then this person wants to do it, but one, who doesnt know, usually takes imaginary goodness instead of real goodness. Then rushes to reach the imaginary goodness and makes mistakes. This then produces evil deeds. No one is willing to be bad on their own will. This way, moral evil reduced to thoughtlessness, that equal to a lower needs level, and goodness for Socrates, according to Aristotle, expresses of the intellect, which is an equivalent to a â€Å"Free Will†. Which means, only human who doing good things can have â€Å"Free Will†. Based on the foregoing, it is possible to make a conclusion, that by the term â€Å"Free Will†, Socrates understands the qualities that exceptional people have, rather than an integral part of every human being. The idea of â€Å"Free Will† gets a new interpretation with the development of Christianity. If we trace the history of â€Å"Free Will† in the Bible, it is necessary to start with the character of God, who decided on his own and created the universe and all that fills it. The Bible says that man was created in the image and likeness of God. This means that a human is equal to God, and has a consciousness, feelings and will, and has the ability to think and make decisions. Suppose a person is really free in his choice. In such a case, two problems appear right away. According to religious beliefs, everything in this world happens only by the will of God. God makes, all he wants, in heaven and on earth. And no one, including human can’t resist God’s will. How, then, can a person can have any â€Å"Free Will†? If a person is not free, another ethical problem appears. According to Christianity (as well as Islam and Judaism) God rewards man for good behavior and punishes him for his bad. However, if a person cannot choose what he should do in each case, if his actions were predetermined and even corresponded to the will of God, how and why in this case, it is possible to punish humans? And what then is the â€Å"Free Will† for a man? Scientists consider issues related to the freedom of will. With development in science particularly genetic engineering, neuroscience and psychiatry; human view the presence of â€Å"Free Will† has changed. Scientists believe that people do not choose the genotype and the environment, do not choose the other factors affecting their lives. People do not choose in which family to be born, therefore they do not choose hereditary genes that are the most meaningful way determine our lives. Some genes predisposing to a human disease, some genes determining appearance, behavior, intellectual abilities all of them affect our lives. According to scientists, human body is as a kind of machine, established and acting at the direction of the external forces that cause it to work in certain way. This point of view is a concern because it is mean that people cannot be responsible for their behavior in any situation. No one has found the answer to the question of whether people have the â€Å"Free Will† or is it just an illusion. But in any case, a human has the right to follow the path of good or choice the path of evil. All humans exist like cells in a single large organism called the universe. World created from all its parts or elements. Each element contributes to the world their personal characteristic; effects and change world’s destiny. It may be weak and insignificant in the overall system of the world, but it is exists. It operates within certain limits on domestic fundamentals essence and nature. Without any of these elements would be a different world.

The Mother-Daughter Relationship in Toni Morrisons Beloved Essays

The Mother-Daughter Relationship in Toni Morrison's Beloved In Toni Morrison’s Beloved, 124 can be thought of as a character with human characteristics that are brought about by the spiritual presence of Sethe’s deceased daughter. It is almost as if the house is the physical element of this spiritual force, and the naming of the house as simply 124 immediately allows â€Å"readers to unconsciously register the unseen number three in 1-2-4† (Washington 175). This idea becomes relevant because after registering this, we can see a reoccurring pattern of this concept throughout the text. First of all, there were three females in Sethe’s family, and after murdering her eldest daughter, there was left a â€Å"triad of grandmother, mother, and daughter† (Washington). In Washington’s article she elaborates heavily on this idea of the missing number three as the number suggests a spiritual element. Aje, defined as â€Å"a controlling matriarch who uses her power, forcefully or gently, to guide her family and often the community† (Washington 172) is overwhelmingly present at 124, and is an Africana theoretical perspective concept that Washington attempts to define in her article while also interpreting the intricacies of the mother-daughter relationship in Beloved (172). However, it seems that there are also major ideas that play a part in this concept of Aje. Through Toni Morrison’s Beloved and Teresa Washington’s â€Å"The Mother-Daughter Aje Relationship in Toni Morrison’s Beloved,† it seems that the Aje relationship can be defined by several reoccurring themes which consist of the idea of unification through the act of violence, male presence, or the lack thereof, and the concept of Sethe’s self in comparison to her â€Å"best self.† There seems ... ... my theory, Beloved understands that her mother put her in a safe place, but at the same time she does not fully understand why she was placed there alone, and for this she is angry, and in turn takes her anger out on her mother in an attempt to destroy her, so evidently, Washington is contradicting herself. Through Beloved and Washington’s article, the concept of the Aje mother-daughter relationship becomes prevalent. This concept is emphasized by unification through violence, male absence, and the idea of Sethe’s â€Å"best self.† Washington says, â€Å"Beloved revolves around a mother and daughter’s desire to enjoy perfect unity† (Washington 174). Clearly, we see this concept and ultimately what happens as a result of Sethe’s desire, and the destructive path it leads her down, as of course, destruction is a characteristic of the mother-daughter Aje relationship.

Persuasive paper on video game violence Essay

Today’s youth live in a time where video games are a fixture of entertainment. Video game consoles are found in almost every home, including a child’s bedroom. I believe that the portrayal of violence in video games is not the reason for the increase of violent acts committed by and against youth. Parents and the government should understand it is not the fault of the game itself. Modern parents should be engaged in the messages their children are receiving from video games and the images they are allowing them to witness. Creating more laws and legislations surrounding the sale and content of video games will not provide the protection that parents think they will. I believe that parents who refuse to engage in the content their children are exposed to must educate themselves actively and be aware of what their children are observing when they play video games. They need to actively seek out information about the game and what types of content it contains before their children start to play. Parents should not solely rely on the rating provided by the Entertainment Software Rating Board (ESRB), an independent board that provides ratings to video games. Games with the rating of Everyone, or â€Å"E†, contain mild violence. According to a study from the Journal of the American Medical Association where 55 video games were played, â€Å"27 games (49%) depicted deaths from violence† (Thompson and Haninger). Parents who do not take the time to learn about a game first risk their children killing in the game that is rated for â€Å"Everyone†. Children need their parents to talk with them and explain that what they are seeing is not real and that violence like that is not appropriate behavior. A study by the American Psychological Association found that game players self-reported that â€Å"game playing was found to elicit more fear than anger, depressed feeling, or pleasant relaxation, and respectively; however it elicited more joy than fear† (Ravaja, Saari and Turpeinen). Desire to commit violence was not one of them. Parents also need to set clear boundaries on what is appropriate and what is not for their children, based on their own beliefs. The violence portrayed in video games exists without a call to action. The games do not command players to go outside of the game and commit the same acts. It is also not the duty of lawmakers to limit accessibility or ban content all together because they fear that the violence could incite an incident. The British Medical Journal originally published findings from the United Kingdom Millennium Cohort Study. The study was conducted over 10 years and included more than 11,000 children. It â€Å"did not find associations between electronic games use and conduct problems, which could reflect the lower exposure to games and/or greater parental restrictions on age-appropriate content for games† (Parkes, Sweeting and Wright). Parents should determine what is right for their children and what is not. The boundaries of every family are different and need to be enforced by the parents. The creators and retailers of video games often become the scapegoat for lawmakers and government officials when a violent act occurs that involves or is perpetrated by youth. Parents rely on their legislators to take up their causes and seek out laws that will promote their cause. Regulating video games on their behalf is one of those causes. Legislative bodies across the country are looking for ways to prevent incidences of violence, especially gun violence like what occurred in Sandy Hook Elementary in Newton, Connecticut and the movie theater in Aurora, Colorado. The state of New Jersey outlined a plan last year that included measures to limit and restrict how retailers merchandise games in retail outlets and would require parental consent for kids to purchase games rated â€Å"Mature† or â€Å"Adults Only† (Friedman). The state of Massachusetts also considered legislation that would assemble a group to â€Å"investigate the influence of violent video games and to find if there is a connection with real world violence† (GamePolitics Staff). However, these, and other laws being debated across the country, face a significant legal road block. Video game retailers already take precautions and preventative measures to keep certain games from being purchased by children and further regulation on a legal level is not needed. The Supreme Court heard Brown v. EMA, a case against California’s laws that restricted the sale of certain games to teenagers based on state’s determination that they were violent. The basis of the case came down to a First Amendment issue because California’s specifically singled out video games and no other form of media. The Court struck down California’s law and ruled â€Å"the games, like books and movies, are protected under the First Amendment’s guarantee of freedom of speech. The Supreme Court also said it found no convincing link between the games and real world violence† (Friedman). Justice Antonin Scalia stated, â€Å"Psychological studies purporting to show a connection between exposure to violent video games and harmful effects on children do not prove that such exposure causes minors to act aggressively† (Friedman). Regulation by the government is a clear-cut defense for parents who battle with their kids about certain games being purchased and played. It is easier to tell a child that they cannot have something because someone else restricts it and not because the parent forbids it. It means the child is not upset with the parent and diverts their displeasure. Parents do not have to be the â€Å"bad guy† because a law takes care of that for them. I have personally witnessed parents telling kids that they cannot purchase a particular game because it is too graphic or not for their age. Most of the children are less than pleased by the response and show it. I imagine most parents want to avoid that reaction from their child in a store. Creating legislation that the Supreme Court found infringes on the collective’s First Amendment rights or circumventing the current self-regulation of the video game retailers is not the solution. Today’s parents should stop seeking a solution for interference outside of their own decisions as a parent by increasing legislation on games. Parents to the next generation are severely taxed by the demands of day to day life. The one item that they cannot be relaxed about is the entertain they choose for their children. Buying a video game console and unleashing a child into the world of gaming is almost a rite of passage for parents, especially parents that grew up playing Super Mario Bros. It is unwise to do so without rules, boundaries, and some due diligence on their part. They should be educating themselves on the games and need to be reviewing game content information available from web sites like IGN. com. Parents should be supervising their kids playing the games that they may not be familiar with yet many do not. They should also be looking at what they can control in their own home, including utilizing parental control settings on the consoles themselves and restricting online and downloadable content. Parents should not lean on lawmakers to establish those confines for them nor does not lie in society’s hands. The ultimate responsibility lies with parents who are willing to unplug what video game content they do not want their child to play. Works Cited Friedman, Matt. â€Å"Game over? Christie’s plan to restrict video games would likely be overturned, experts say. † 24 April 2013. NJ. com. Web. 3 March 2014. GamePolitics Staff. Massachusetts State Senator Proposes Study on Violent Video Games. 14 November 2013. Web. 3 March 2014. Parkes, Alison, et al. â€Å"Do television and electronic games predict children’s psychosocial adjustment? Longitudinal research using the UK Millennium Cohort Study. † British Medical Journal (2013). Web. Ravaja, Niklas, et al. â€Å"The Psychophysiology of James Bond: Phasic Emotional Responses to Violent Video Game Events. † American Psychological Association (2008): Vol. 8, No. 1, 114-120. Thompson, ScD, Kimberly M. and Kevin Haninger. â€Å"Violence in E-Rated Video Games. † Journal of the American Medical Association (2001). Web.

A Survey of Behavioral Finance Summary - 1332 Words

A Survey of Behavioral Finance Nicholas Barberis and Richard Thaler In this handbook, Barberis and Thaler define the differences between traditional finance and behavioral finance. Traditional finance is rational.Rationality means two things; correct Bayesian Updating and choises consistent with expected utility. On the other hand behavioral finance assumes that market is not fully rational and analyzes the facts when the some of the princibles are loosen up. This essay also discusses about two main topics; limits to arbitrage and psychology. These two topics are known as the two buildings blocks of the behaviour finance. In the normal markets security prices equal to fundamental value.In this†¦show more content†¦Ambigutiy aversion is defines risk as a gamble with known distribution and uncertainty as a gamble with unknown distribution, and suggests that people dislike uncertainty more than risk. The experiments about ambigutiy aversions shows that people do not like sitiuations where they are uncertain . Aversion changes based on preceived competence at assessing relevant distribution. US stock market is a good research area for the facts about its behaviour. The most three important behaviours are equity premium , high volality and predictable returns. Risk preium seems to high and possible explanations are under prospect theory. Rational approches must focus on changing risk aversion to explain volatility. Volatiliy explanations under beliefs are overreaction to dividend growth, overreaction to returns, confusion between real and nominal rates. All three of these facts are known as eqity puzzles. Both the rational and behavioral approaches to finance have made progress in understanding the three puzzles singled out at the start of this section. The advances on the rational side are well described in other articles in this handbook. 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Philosophy and Religon Essay - 1286 Words

The 16th century was a time of culmination. A time during which the fundamental forces of civilization that shaped the world thus far, came together and accelerated their pace. Religious, cultural, intellectual, and economic transformations took place. New civilizations arose, only to be destroyed by imperialistic invaders. Old cultures converged and conflicts arose. New and old, east and west were unified, if only fleetingly and superficially. The religious beliefs of any society during the 1500s were taken very seriously and were tremendously important. At the time, entire empires were built on the simple principle of religion. It was the central unifier, the Europeans under Christianity, the Ottoman Empire under Sunni Islam, and the†¦show more content†¦Their philosophy was derived from their religious beliefs. Their God was not a removed entity that controlled the world but did not have a role in the life of the individual. Their God was everything and without him, there was nothing. God was salvation and eternal life. Their main reference was the Bible. It was studied extensively by Catholic theologians and, from it, created a central ethical system was developed. The Chinese on the other hand had an ethical system based on the individual. Confucianism was not a religion. It was not based on a deity and strict codes of conduct found in Catholic tradition did not exist. However, an overall sense of order was decidedly central to its philosophy. Virtue here was found introspectively, through thought and study. Another interesting facet of Confucianism was it’s veneration of ancestors, an extension of honoring one’s parents. These two ethical systems differed so much that fundamental concepts (right, wrong, sinful, virtuous) were not completely equateable. Confucianism viewed people as fundamentally good. In the Great Learning, a fundamental Confucian text, described human nature as â€Å"being universally good† and that the â₠¬Å"original substance of the mind is correct.† This gives us important insight into how they would classify an act as immoral or sinful. If each person is fundamentally good, then any act he does would also be good. And any act that he does that goes against his â€Å"innate knowing†¦of right andShow MoreRelatedEmile Durkheim s Influence On Society1562 Words   |  7 Pagessociologist of the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. This was the time when the sociologist like Karl marx and Max webber were on its peak and At the same time Durklheim was credited with great prestige principle founders of sociolgy. His philosophy has worked like fusion in society which was related from an individual to whole society.he claimed that socity is a â€Å"Sui Generis† Reality or a reality unique which is called ruductinist method. 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Marijuana is use in bible Genesis where they gave mankind...

Marijuana is use in bible Genesis where they gave mankind the power over every land, sea, and animal not mention every seed bearing plant. Marijuana is a seed bearing plant. Marijuana is used in world religious. Coming from different back ground with stereo type family background has allowed me to see the effects that drugs can have on someone life. Many Americans college students is discovering and adapting to the world around its association with social marijuana is creating some problems for them. The new setting can become overwhelming for them as individual. Grambling drug University students There are many reasons why people turn to drugs like financial challenges, psychological, and etc... Medical patients are allowed to buy†¦show more content†¦States can make legislation stating that cultivation with a license to grow. License will allow people to pay taxes the marijuana they produce. Tax stamps can also produce renew on states that are too large or to populate to regulate cultivation. If marijuana become legalization all over will put tobacco alcohol companies out business or advantage of the job markets. Mary Jane alternating name for marijuana Obama administration to set rules for banks handles weed money. The U.S. government is losing in tax revenue. The US has more people in prison than any other country. The U.S. Is a few trillion dollars in debt. Marijuana is legal in Amsterdam and is on the way of being legal in Canada. Both Countries have far less crime than the united states. The United States can spread the tax dollar generated by marijuana to fund a universal public care system. Marijuana is a renewable resource that can help us prevent global warning. It can create an agriculture spike in demand for labor, this allow more job immigration. The U.S. Is one of the leading nations that benefiting from marijuana? There is no correlation between medical marijuana and social reduce crimes. â€Å"The main finding is that we fund no increase in crimes rates resulting from legalization. Medical we found some evidence of decreasing rates of some type of violent crimesShow MoreRelated Parallelisms and Differences:Rastafarianism and Judaism Essay6341 Words   |  26 PagesParallelisms and Differences:Rastafarianism and Judaism The two religions of Rastafarianism and Judaism embody many of the same characteristics, as well as their ancestry. Although the Rastafarians, at times, inaccurately explain the bible, their belief in the Old Testament is still prevalent. Many of the customs are almost identical, but the rationale behind the traditions and laws contrast greatly. In 1933, when Leonard P. Howell was arrested for usingseditious and blasphemous language

Accounting Theory Concepts with Critical Analysis

Question: Discuss about theAccounting Theory Concepts with Critical Analysis. Answer: Introduction of Accounting Theory Concepts Accounting theory concepts are referred as doctrine or elementary accounting postulates. These concepts can be said as rules implement as guides to actions. A concept is general and recommends a guide. There are many probable events in accounting but rules could not be approved for every conceivable ultimately (Hub Pages, 2011). Some significant accounting concepts are as follows: The Accrue Concept: According to accrue concept, profits acquired by conducting events are affects only to the equity of owner. It specifies that the profits should be recorded when sales occurred, whether cash from sales due accrue or is in arrears. It can be said that it is same as matching concept of accounting. Expenditures are also concurrently known at the time of event conducted and it is not compulsory to know at the time of cash paid. This concept holds that revenue which was earned and cost which was incurred that produces revenue have to be match and reported for the accounting period. Business Entity: Business and owner of business are different so all the transactions which occurred in business can be documented as they affect the business and are different from the owner. But in the case of company, difference can be maintained easily. Because under companies, laws and rules follow according to the business and company has its own personality. Company can sue by its own name in place of sue by name of all its owners or shareholders because company has its own existence. Company is treated as entity with separate existence from the proprietary business. Quantifiable / Money Measurement: This concept says that under accounting, every item should be assessable in terms of money (i.e. in cent and in dollar). Each item in accounting should be placed in the terms of money. The cause behind it is that money can be accepted in value and as medium of exchange. Duality: It is based on the principle of book keeping of double entry system. Each transaction occurs by debit and credit items. For example, if an asset purchased in cash then asset will be debited or cash will be credited. As per double entry system, each transaction affects two items. Periodicity: Generally, accounting period is of one year, although for the purpose of management, some time reports are prepared for short period of time which is known as interim statements. Until the final liquidation of business, the results cannot be measured appropriately. So, accounting period of one year is used to measure or evaluate the changes in financial position of business. Realization: Under this concept, revenue recognized in an accounting period is discussed. The four categories of realization are as follows: Revenue can be identified at the time of scale Revenue can be identified during production period Revenue can be identified at the time of production is completed Revenue can be identified consequent to the sale (for example, at the time of collection of cash). Revenue can be recognized at different points of time. For example, at the time of production of goods, at the time of delivering the goods, or at the time when transaction is completed. In most of the cases, choice depends on norms of industry. Historical: The concept of historical cost tells that the base of accounting recognition of all asset attainment, providing or receiving services, incurred expenses and all other transactions is cost. So this concept refers that acquisition cost of assets are maintained throughout the process of accounting (Miss CPA, 2012). Analysis of Annual Report of Common Wealth Bank of Australia Common wealth bank of Australia which is listed corporation under Australian ASX is taking as topic this report. As per annual report of 2015 of Common wealth bank, they are practicing accounting policies which are (Financial Report, 2015): Financial statements are prepared as per International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) issued by International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). Concept of periodicity is applicable while preparing financial report. The annual report prepared yearly. Financial report has been created as per historical cost concept, except some assets and liabilities evaluated at fair value. In financial report, amounts have been rounded as per ASIC, to the closest million dollars. Financial statements are presented in Australian dollars, which is functional and presentation currency of common wealth bank. Foreign currency transactions are also occurring in functional currency. Income and expenses are offset in income statement while assets and liabilities are offset in balance sheet. Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable. Profit before income tax of bank increases from $M 11,007 to $M 11,670 in 2015 with compare in 2014. And profit of group are 10,645, 11,997 and 12,612 in year 2013, 2014 and 2015 respectively which is also increasing. Net profit after income tax increases from $M 8,442 to $M 8,976 and net profit attributable to equity holders of bank remains same as net profit after income tax because there non controlling interest is absent. The increasing profits showing good financial position. Total comprehensive income net of income tax of bank is increases from $M 8,883 to $M 9,488 in 2014 to 2015. And income of group is $M 8,558, $M 9,303 and $M 9,799 in year 2013, 2014 and 2015 respectively. It can be said that income of bank and groups of bank is increases. As per the balance sheet, total assets increases from $M 830,877 to $M 920,167 in 2014 to 2015 and total liabilities increases from $M 782,442 to $M 868, 420 in 2014 to 2015. Hence, net assets and total shareholders equity increases from $M 48,435 to $M 51,747 in 2014 to 2015. Dividend distributed at the end of half year. Dividend per share is 164, 200, 183, 218, 198 and 222 cents per share from December 2012 to June 2015. Dividend payout ratio was 77.4% in 2013 which decreases in 2014 to 75.5% and then increases in 2015 to 75.7%. On the yearly basis, dividends per ordinary shares of group are 364, 401 and 420 (in cents per share) in 2013, 2014 and 2015 respectively. Dividend per share is also showing growing trend of groups of bank. Earnings per share are distributed as basic earnings per share and fully diluted earnings per share. Basic earnings per ordinary share are 474.2, 533.8 and 557.0 (in cents per share) in 2013, 2014 and 2015 respectively. While fully diluted earnings per share are 461.0, 521.9 and 542.7 (in cents per share) in 2013, 2014 and 2015 respectively. Both earnings are increases in current year with compare to previous year. It reflects the sound financial position of groups of Common wealth bank. It is beneficial for investors or shareholders. As per cash flow statement, net cash provided by operating activities while net cash used in investing and financing activities. Finally, cash and cash equivalent decrease from $M 6,432 to $M 1,321 in 2014 to 2015. And this effects on cash and cash equivalent at the end of year. Bank adopts the risk management framework to manage risk. Accounting standards are followed by the bank while preparing financial report for the year ended 20 June 2015. Conclusion Financial statements under financial report are showing good financial position of bank. All the accounting standards and accounting concepts are followed while preparing financial report. All the obligations are meeting by bank while preparing financial report. The directors are accountable for preparing the financial statements. These statements are prepared in accordance with laws and regulations which are applicable and accepted by bank. Accounting standards required fair presentation of financial statements for each financial year and as per annual report financial position, financial performance and cash flows showing fair presentation. Here, accounting policies are selected and applied properly by the directors. The true and fair presentation of financial statements enhances believe of investors in bank. All the information provided in the report included accounting policies which provide relevant and reliable information of bank. As per sound financial position, it can be ass essed that bank ability to continue as going concern. Recommendation The financial position of bank is good and sound as its profits are increasing. Dividend per share and earnings per share increases with good rate, which is beneficial for investors and shareholders to invest in the bank. Income and profits are increases which show that bank performing well in market. Assets are more than liabilities which reflect sound financial position and also tell bank can easily meets its obligations. References Hub Pages, (2011). Accounting Theory Concepts, Assumptions And Conventions. Retrieved on 30 August 2016 from: https://hubpages.com/business/Accounting-Theory-Concepts-Assumptions-And-Conventions Financial Report (U.S. Version) Year ended 30 June 2015. Commonwealth Bank of Australia [AU]. Retrieved on 30 August 2016 from: https://www.commbank.com.au/content/dam/commbank/about-us/shareholders/us-investors/docs/US_Annual_Report_2015.pdf Miss CPA accounting and finance tips, (2012). Basic Accounting Principles And Concepts. Retrieved on 30 August 2016 from: https://misscpa.com/basic-accounting-principles-and-concepts/

What Would You Do When Confronted with Injustice free essay sample

One example of a social injustice is when a person commits a crime for the first time or gets in trouble with the law for the first time, gets prosecuted to the fullest but a person who is a convicted criminal keeps getting away with the crimes they are committing. Social injustice continues to resurface all around, taking new forms as society grows and changes. In the book Of Mice and Men, by John Steinbeck, George, Lennie and Candy, are constantly working towards conquering their dreams and are held back by Curleys selfishness. A few example of social injustice is racism and sexism. Racism is shown when the white men shun Crooks for being an African-American. They treat him differently and make him sleep in a barn away from all the other workers. This still goes on in our society today. Sexism is an important theme in the book. It is also an injustice where the workers mistreat Curley’s wife because she is a female. We will write a custom essay sample on What Would You Do When Confronted with Injustice or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The workers call her a â€Å"tramp† and many other vulgar names because she wears red shoes and is the only female character in a male-dominated story. Another category that would fall under injustice is discrimination against Homosexuality. One of the biggest social injustices going on in the world today is the discrimination against gay and lesbian individuals. For a long time in many (but not all) societies, homosexuals have been persecuted, physically attacked, denied rights to housing, jobs, love and most other things that a good society offers merely because of their orientation. We have â€Å"Gay Pride† because it is necessary for homosexuals to express the pride they have in themselves as individuals. Everyone has a right to have pride in their selves. I have a gay friend who gets bullied every single day for being a homosexual. I’ve watched kids taunt and bully him for years, at school and outside of school. I do the best I can to stand up and be there for him but since he came out of â€Å"the closet. † Hes has been very lonely and quiet and not himself anymore. Also, he has been isolating himself from people close to him, including parents, and I sometimes get scared of what might happen to him if his emotions get the best of him. I sometimes call him at night just to make sure hes fine and when I call him sometimes he would break down and then I would cry because it just breaks my heart knowing someone I love is like this. I know this isnt something you can get over so quickly, but I just cant stand seeing him like that. I dont know what else I can do for him, apart from just being there for him. Does this make you angry? I do feel angry about injustice and I believe that people have been and will continue to be subjected to injustice in most societies. The result will be that many people will feel bad about themselves. The only way to fix an injustice is to learn from the mistakes and act upon them as they are presented in the future. If I was confronted with an injustice, I would do the same thing I did for my friend as I would for myself; stand up against it. I would never allow somebody get in my head and tear me down. With all of the past bulling, it has made me the strong young lady that I am today. I like to stand up for my beliefs. Even if nobody approves of my beliefs, the hold the right to formulate their own opinions and to honor mine. People learn and grow through past experiences and those have definitely outlined my beliefs today. Social injustices will be around forever. It is up to us to learn from them.

Human Resources Management in Business free essay sample

Human resources department is a part of business that deals with its staff. The department is seen as part of strategic management, in the effort to achieve the goals of the business, and is crucial to the businesss success. Some of the human resources departments responsibilities include recruitment, retention, selection, job enlargement/enrichment, motivation and leadership, job role allocations, training, and payroll appraisals. The departments decisions are influenced by, however, internal issues for workforce planning. One of the issues could be the cost of its operations. The business would want to minimize cost, so any decisions made by Human resources should be cost-effective. Another issue could be the companys business strategy, for example when the company want to expand, the Human resources department would have to recruit more employees; if the company wants to cut costs and increase profit, the department would have to consider reducing the number of staff. We will write a custom essay sample on Human Resources Management in Business or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It is also responsible for training current employees for any new equipments. There are also external factors that affect how workforce planning is carried out. These external factors include government actions that affect the business environment. For example, the government can impose new minimum wages that would increase the Human resources departments spending on wages payment. The education situation of the country can also affect Human resources, as education is the means that workers gain their skills; without proper education, Human resources wouldnt be able to recruit highly skilled workers without paying large salaries or recruit foreign nationals. An important external factor is the economic situation of the economy. If unemployment rates are high, Human resources would be able to recruit new employees much easier and cheaper than when the economy is in boom, which makes labour more expensive. The age ranges of the labour force can affect Human resources decisions, since they dont want to recruit too old of employees who are going to retire soon. The business often want more young employees who can potentially contribute to the company for a long period of time, and can also be more innovative. Another external factor is technology advancements, as this may result in the introduction of new equipments into the company. The Human resources department would then have to organise training for their current staff to enable them to work with the newly acquired machineries. There are many benefits to Human Resources planning. One of the most important purpose of the Human Resources department is to motivate staff. This can be done by means of promotions, training, and rewards. Another benefit is that Human Resources help import important skills into the business through the process of recruitment. Human Resources would compose a recruitment process that selects the right people for the business. Without a Human Resources department, a firm cannot efficiently recruit employees that they need. Also, the department helps the business plan the right number of workers. They make sure that there are no redundancy or shortages of labour in the company, and if there is any, Human Resources would fix this either by cutting or recruiting staff. Human Resources department also ensures smooth operations in regards to labour management. This means they make sure that employees arrive when they are needed, and are allocated to the right tasks, and that each workers know their role within the business. In addition, they resolve whatever arguments that may arise between the workers and company management, making sure that the employees are clear of company regulations, and that management are clear of their workers conditions. Finally, the Human Resources department ensures that no laws are broken in regards to labour employment. For example, the recruitment process must not violate discrimination laws. All necessary laws are briefed to staff to ensure no illegal activities are conducted within the company. Before selecting staff for any position, key skills needed for that particular job need to be identified, creating a list of criteria for candidate selection. British Sugar is one of the largest provider of sugar products in the UK. Their Human Resources department has been directed to recruit three new production managers, as part of the companys expansion project in China. The Human Resources department has identified the key skills for a potential production manager: Confidence: the manager needs to be confident in handling large responsibilities, whether it be meeting production deadlines, ensuring worker safety etc. They need confidence to be able to make decisive actions, taking the initiative without too much dependence on higher directives. As they direct the production process, confidence is also needed for negotiating with suppliers, making the best deals for the factory. Technical skills: a production manager has to be sufficiently knowledgeable about the production technology of their factory, to be able to understand and resolve technical problems should they arise. Technical knowledge of a manager does not have to be detailed, but must be sufficient to issue correct directives to the factorys engineer force. High technical skills is preferred, as the manager will be more likely to be innovative in improving production methods of the firm. Communication skills: a good production manager is able to communicate to all different divisions of the company. They are quick to absorb information from different levels of the company, whether it be top management or floor workers, and then provide quick and effective feedback. Communication skills are crucial in a manager, as it helps him ensure the coordination between different elements of the company. Problem-solving skills: the production manager should be able to independently deal with problems within their factory. They will be extremely resourceful in coordinating factory or company-level efforts to solve problems. This requires an intelligent person that can improvise upon their resources to damage-control and reverse the problem and put the factory back onto its original course. Motivating staff is an important part of company operation, as it ensure the employees do their best and be productive while working for the company. There is a variety of reasons why employees would want to work harder in their working environment. Such reasons could be money, bonuses, power, working with friends, social aspects of work, the need to provide for family, promotion, team work, and promotion. Frederick Taylor’s theory of motivation simply stated that all workers are worked by money. This means that in order to better motivate employees, the employer simply just has to raise their pay, and this would make them work harder. Taylor introduced the Theory of Scientific Management, which said that workers are naturally lazy and need close supervisions and control. The theory also says that managers should break down work to the simplest tasks to their employees. Workers also need adequate training and equipment to perform their simple tasks as efficiently as possible, then they would be paid according to the amount of products they had produced. The theory is often applied in mass production lines which involves repetitive tasks. Elton Mayo later introduced a new theory of motivation of his own. He believed that money is only part of the worker’s concern, and social needs are more important in motivating workers at their work place. Mayo published the Human Relation school of thought, which encourage managers to focus more on social interactions between workers. Mayo went further in his studies and conducted his own experiment at the Hawthorne factory in Chicago. From these series of experiments, he concluded that although physical conditions worsened, they do not affect the productivity of the Hawthorne workers. Instead, social factors such as better communication between workers and managers, better involvement in employees’ lives from their manager, and team work was what improved productivity levels. In the 1950s, Abraham Maslow introduced the Neo-Human Relation school of thought. This new theory focus on the employee’s psychological needs, which are structured into five different levels of needs. The theory says that once a lower level of needs is satisfied, would then the worker could be motivated by an upper level of needs. These levels of needs in lower to higher order are physiological needs, safety needs, social needs, esteem needs, and self-actualisation respectively. Managers also need to realise that each worker moves up this ladder at a different pace, and therefore might need different sets of incentives from worker to worker. In financial-related type of motivations, the most common motivation is salaries and wages. Salaries are what permanent employees are paid monthly or annually. Wages, on the other hand, is what is paid to workers per hour they have worked. These can motivate the employees, for the harder they work, the more they would earn. A piece rate system is when an employee is paid a fixed rate for each unit of production; In other words, they are paid by results, which motivate them to achieve better results. Commission and fees are similarly dependent on the results of the workers. Commission is a percentage of the sale revenue, and fees are fixed amounts that are earned after sale. The more the employee sells, the more commission or fees they get, motivating them to sell more. Fringe benefits are any non-wage payment or benefit such as pension plans, profit-sharing programs, vacation pay, and company-paid life, health, and unemployment insurance. Having these extra benefit with their jobs can make the employees feel more secure and work harder. Performance-related pay or pay by performance is money paid relating to how well the employee works. This would motivate them by giving them knowledge that the better they perform in their field, the better their assessment would be and the more they would be paid. Profit sharing is another way of motivating staff, it consists of a plan that gives employees a share in the profit of the company. Each employee receives a percentage of those profit based on the companys earnings. This makes staff work harder, knowing the more their company earns, the more they would get in shared profit. Share ownership is when employees who have worked in the company for a long time are given part of the business as shares. These shares would give the employees power, and they get to take part deciding how the company is run. Other than financial motivations, there are non-financial ones that could boost motivation while costing minimal for the business. Job redesign involves restructuring the elements including tasks, duties and responsibilities of a specific job in order to make it more encouraging and inspiring for the employees. Job enlargement is basically increasing the employees work load, so that they feel more responsible and work harder. Job rotation is when employees are moved between two or more jobs in a planned manner. The purpose of this is to expose the employees to different experiences and wider variety of skills to enhance job satisfaction and to cross-train them. Job enrichment is a variation of job enlargement. Job enrichment adds new sources of job satisfaction by giving the employee additional authority, autonomy, and control over the way the job is accomplished. Team work is a Cooperative effort by the members of a group or team to achieve a common goal. Working in a team may motivate employees to do better to fulfill their part on the team. External link for employees motivating can be found here: http://www. forbes. com/sites/glennllopis/2012/06/04/top-9-things-that-ultimately-motivate-employees-to-achieve/ The fundamental method which British Sugar would use to motivate their staff is to make them feel safe. Feeling safe would clear the employees minds from external worries, helping them to focus more on their tasks and try harder to achieve. This method would include providing their employees with adequate facilities to work in. This means that British Sugars factories and offices would to the most basic safety regulations such as fire safety, electrical safety, and protection from hazardous conditions inside their factories. British Sugar would also make sure that their facilities have appropriate security measures to protect employees and their possessions safe. This method of motivation is one of the most basic levels of Maslows hierarchy of needs. Another method that British Sugar uses is providing extra employee benefits beside their regular salaries and wages. They would give company cars for manager and directors, along with free O2 mobile phones. British Sugar also looks after their employees by providing them with free healthcare in the form of free check-ups with company nurse, eyesight tests and glasses, and subsidised scheme with AXA. Families of employees can also enjoy company benefits with provided child vouchers and team meals for spouses. British Sugar’s factory workers are also provided with free safety work wear. There are numerous other benefits that employees can enjoy working for British Sugar, which includes sports clubs, gym facilities, free parking†¦etc. A popular method of motivation from Taylor’s school of thought is recognition. British Sugar would give out tokens of appreciation and to recognise employees/teams that have made a significant contribution over and above that reasonably expected. Company managers would award their employees with vouchers, meals, bouquet of flowers, or bottles of wine to boost their work morale. Long Service Awards are given to employees with significant length of service. Annual bonuses of ? 400, ? 600, ? 800, and ? 900 are given to employees who have served 20, 30, 40, or 45 years in the company respectively. British Sugar also use chances of promotion to encourage their employees. This is a process known as internal recruitment. When a position is open, employees are often promoted to fill the position instead of recruiting new people externally. This keeps the employees motivated to work harder, knowing there are chances of future promotion. Another method of motivation used by British Sugar is performance management. Performance management is a proactive and continuous process of communicating and clarifying role responsibilities, performance expectations and priorities in order to ensure mutual understanding between managers and employees. To ensure the proper functioning of the business, British Sugar would have to maintain a high level of cooperation and satisfaction in its employees. Making employees cooperate would increase productivity, reduce labour turnover, and make sure that they can maintain the quantity and quality of work they are capable of. One of the methods of doing this is by communication. This method involves staying in touch with the staff to make sure they are updated with company information. When staff have the information that they need for their job, they will be more likely to be oriented towards their tasks, and be able to do it correctly and more efficiently. Communication with employees can be done by many means. It includes emails, which are quick, efficient, and reliable. Face-to-face communication is an important form of communication, often in the form of meetings; however it has time and distance limitations , for example a manager might not have the time to see all of his employees to talk about new policies, while he could just send them all an email. There are other methods such as telephone calls, which can be made easily over long distance or face-time technology that allows employees to communicate despite the long distance. Another way of improving employees cooperation and commitment in the business is making them more involved in it. In British sugar, this is know as the â€Å"quality circle†. British Sugar would engage its employees group discussions, where groups of workers meet and discuss the good and bad side of the issues that they face. The employees would try to resolve their problems together, and discuss ways to improve how they work and how the company works. This method generates a feeling of involvement, employees would feel that they are a contributing part of a team, and therefore view their work more positively and become more inclined to cooperate with other employees as well as the company managers. Clear employment contracts also help boost staff cooperation and commitment. A clear contract would have to explicitly explain the details of the job, such as explaining the roles and duties that the employee is expected to carry out, along with the hours of work required. The business would also need clearly identified procedures such as disciplinary policies or grievance policies. A clear pay structure that explains basic time as well as overtime is essential. All of these will reduce arguments in the company, enabling more efficiency and cooperation within the business. Motivational methods are a way of getting more cooperation from staff. Motivated employees would perform better while feeling better about their prospects than demotivated ones, therefore cooperating more in their work. Similarly, training and charity links should also be used to boost the morale of workers. Training would increase the employees motivation and performance, as well as charitable activities such as helping out the local community. A well-motivated workforce with high morale is more likely to cooperate with the company and to each other. The culture of the business itself will also affect how its employees cooperate. If the company has a culture of cooperation and an atmosphere of teamwork, then the employees are more likely to have more cooperation in their work. Training in a large organisation such as British Sugar is carried out extensively. An example of British Sugars training operation is their Graduate scheme, a scheme in which British Sugar finds apprentice in universities. The company would offer university graduates a period of vocational training, with the assurance of a job at the end of their training, in addition to have year-long job placements for engineering students. British Sugar also organises over 1000 training courses every year involves all levels from senior managers to new apprentices and our seasonal workers. The company encourages its sites to play an active role in local communities through media visits, schools activities, agricultural and environmental events. British Sugar have regular dialogues with leading and local non-government organisations. They also organise sponsorships and charitable funds, allocated to their employee fundraising activities through a Supporting YOU to support others programme. Measuring the workforce can be done by a number of ways. This is generally looking at the key indicators in the business workforce such as labour productivity, health and safety, labour turnover and absenteeism. Labour productivity is how much the workers produce in terms of goods and services per hour worked. In the business, it can be measured by looking at the efficiency of individual or teams. However, this method should be used with cation, because there are factors that could affect labour productivity such as the age of machinery, type of sector that the business is in or whether production is automated or labour-intensive. If machineries are old, they wouldnt be able to produce as much, therefore being the cause of low labour productivity. A business in the secondary sector would be more productive than one in the tertiary sector since manufacturing makes more products than service. Similarly, a business that has automated production will be much more productive than one with labour-intensive production, since machines are able to mass produce more products than individual workers. A business can try to improve labour productivity by using motivational tools such as bonuses. Training can also be used to add productivity to workers, and business plans help staff work more efficiently. The business can also buy new equipments to improve productivity of their workers. Another measurement is health and safety. As it is one of the motivational factor, the quality of health and safety at the workplace can affect the staff. The better the health and safety standard, the better the staff will perform. The business must consider the possible causes of poor health and safety, such as poor equipment, dangerous environment and also the poor training in the matter. Labour turnover can also be used to measure a companys workforce. Labour turnover is the proportion of staff leaving the business over a period of time, usually each year. A company can lose their staff due to de-motivation, retirement, social factors, better opportunity elsewhere ,or that the employee wants to start their won business. Staff leaving can also be involuntarily as their positions become redundant or they are fired due to performance. A high labour turnover is generally not good because it spawns many problems such as the loss of productive capacity, the costs and the time taken to recruit new staff, and the extra training and induction programmes to new employees. However, new staff can bring benefits such as introduction of new ideas to the business, or more efficient workers. Absenteeism is another measurement to the companys workforce, as it tells managers how much their staff go on break from work. This can be a substantial problem for the business, because production output will suffer if employees are absent, projects will run into delays, and the quality of products affected due to the lack of staff. There are many other costs associated with absent staff, such as sick pay, and temporary staff pay, which is often expensive. Absenteeism also cause de-motivation in the business, as other employees will have to take the work load of the absent employees. To lower the level of absenteeism, the business can issue fines to absent staff, improve the safety of the work environment so staff would want to be at work, and improve their motivational methods. British Sugar uses a range of performance indicators to evaluate and improve their performance. SMART targets are a set of criteria that are based on the specific words: specific, measurable, attainable, relevant and time-specific. These criteria are applied in the process of making goals and objectives, to maximise the business chances of obtaining them. Punctuality is the characteristic of being able to complete a required task or fulfill an obligation before or at a previously designated time. Attendance is the frequency with which a person is present. An appraisal system, or performance management, is a proactive and continuous process of communicating and clarifying role responsibilities, performance expectations and priorities in order to ensure mutual understanding between managers and employees. It is very useful as it is both a motivational strategy and a review system where mangers can assess their employees. The appraisal system would fulfill the employees social and recognition needs according Maslow theories, motivating to work harder to achieve more and be more recognised. The system is not without flaws, however. The appraisal system can be very costly, requiring a lot of administrative work, and is time-consuming. It is also exposed to favouritism. Managers can tend to trust and praise some employees more than others, causing distrust discontentment among team members.