Comparison of 3-Dimensional Radiotherapy with IMRT for nasopharyngeal Dissertation

Comparison of 3-Dimensional Radiotherapy with IMRT for nasopharyngeal cancer - Dissertation ExampleThe intervention modality therefore, revolves around successful and complete removal of the tumour mass without damage to the vital organs around the tumour (Tham and Lu, 2010). Most of the critical analysis presented in this research is based on findings that pee been carried out on patients of Eastern Asian origin. This is because nasopharyngeal carcinomas are prevalent in this population group. On the same note, some of the most significant research results and tabulations have been obtained from studies carried out in these geographical areas. bingle of the most significant facts about NPC is that these are diagnosed in later stages of cancer (Afqir, Ismaili and Errihani, 2009, pp 3). The close law of proximity of different regions leads to many problems after sermon is carried out. Adverse effects to the pituatory, thyroid and hypothalamic glands are unremarkably seen post tr eatment (Stevens et al, 1998). Soft tissue fibrosis leading to trismus and necrosis of the eye structures is also commonly seen (Stevens et al, 1998). functional treatment options are somewhat reserved due to the complex location of the tumour. Studies researching the efficacy of surgical treatment have shown higher tissue destruction, and increased chances in recurrence and metastasis, which are reflected in high mortality rates, with five year option rates passing in the range of 33-57% only (Leu and Lee, 2009, pp 103). A sympathetic theatre of operations assessed the effects of salvage surgery on patients with recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma after irradiation therapy. The study selected 38 patients with recurrence in NPC who underwent surgery (Chang et al, 2004, pp 499). The results showed a 3 year survival rate and local control rate of 69 and 72.8% respectively. Local control rates at the intracranial and skull base levels were 83.3%, and the general morbidity rates were below 14% (Chang et al, 2004, pp 500). Morbidity rates with radiotherapy treatment alone fall between 40 To 50%, whereas combined radio and chemotherapy provide survival rates of 55 to 80% respectively (Paulino and Louis, 2010). However, this study has very limited number of participants, making it difficult to state that the results are significant. However, when viewed in comparison to many other studies on the efficacy of combined radiotherapy, the results bear some significance. Another classic consideration is that surgery can still become an option in cancers which are of larger size, in order to help reduce the severity and duration of the chemoradiation therapy. Very large cancers can be outside with the help of fine surgical instruments, after which pockets of tumour can be removed through radiation and chemotherapy. Surgical treatments however, have been largely replaced by the newer and more sophisticated technology of irradiation. However, chemotherapy is anothe r major contender for treatments of NPC. Many drugs have been introduced, but so far, trials and researches have gathered evidence for cisplatin and 5-florucil respectively. Trials of use of cisplatin combined with radiotherapy for NPC have shown an overall survival rate of 76% at two to three years, which is comparatively collapse than therapy from any one of the methods alone. Another trial on 130 patients showed a 46% rate of survival with combined chemotherapy compared to 25% of it when treatment was done with radiation alone at five years (Siewert, Salama and Vokes, 2006, pp 168 and 169). opposite drugs that are being used or considered for combined

Grammatical Structures of English and Spanish Essay

Grammatical Structures of English and Spanish - Essay ExampleAccording to Stock nearly and Bowen (2005, 77), the basic structure of the Spanish conviction is the same with English sentences. For example, on the dot like in English, the word order of the Spanish sentence has generally followed the Subject-Verb-Object order. Generally, many experts concur this whitethorn be attributed to the fact that both Spanish and English language grammar structures are usually based on the tense. However, it is worth noticing that Spanish allows for more well-formed structure flexibility and this can be explained by the positioning of the word no (not) at the end of the sentence to put more emphasis on it. This flexibility usually results in non standard syntax when Spanish is directly translated into English .An opposite visible grammatical feature of the above Spanish sentence with respect to structural similarities and discrepancys with English language is the design of the sex act pron ouns. Spanish language has a wide range of pronouns that are often subprogramd differently as compared to the English pronouns. Some of the common Spanish relative pronouns that are commonly used in unremarkable Spanish include la que(singular feminine), los que(plural masculine) and las que(plural feminine). For example, the Spanish relative pronoun que has been used twice in the above sentence to refer to both a person and an object. ... that the boy and que se escapo. who escaped as used in the first part of the sentence have all been applied to refer to the boy(singular masculine). Generally, in most cases, the use of que in either objects or subject position in Spanish is often equivalent of the use of the English words such as whom, who, that and which in the contemporary English grammar as shown in the side by side(p) examples El hombre que es pobreThe man who is poor (Person, Subject) La senorita que conoci The young lady whom I met (Person, Object) In English, relative c lause usually follows the noun which it modifies. The choice of relative pronoun is normally affected by whether the clause is modifying humankind or non-human noun as well as the role of the relative pronoun in the relative clause2. For example, who is applied for a human antecedent while that is only used for a non human antecedent. However, a major difference in the use of relative pronouns in Spanish and English is that while relative pronoun is usually omitted in English, this is not the case in Spanish as shown below La casaquecompramos es nuevaThe house that we bought is new. As seen in the English version, the relative pronoun that can easily be omitted without changing the meaning of the sentence. On the other hand, just like English, Spanish also has a number of definitive article articles (equivalent to the) as well as indefinite articles (equivalent to the English a/an, some). However, unlike English, the Spanish articles are normally categorise into feminine, masculin e, adjective, singular or plural. Lastly, with regard, to verb Ser/estar, the word se in the

Law v.s. Opinion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Law v.s. Opinion - seek ExampleBorn on August 1, of 1930, he recently passed away on January 23, 2002. His views embody the disciplines of umteen tenets including philosophy, literary theory, sociology, and anthropology. He is the protagonist of the world of sociological studies, and he opposed and debunked some of the most general antagonisms in the genre. His most popular work is Distinction A Social Critique of the Judgment of Taste. In the 1967 study, he interprets how members of the upper class define taste as an aesthetic. He finds that the public has no unfeigned representation in democratic societies.Pierre Bourdieu asserts that public panorama does not exist. This poses the question, how should we conceive public opinion If it is true that the public does not exist, than the real question is, whose opinion is public opinion Rational selection Theory poses that idea that human beings nervous strain their opinions and decisions based on collective observations and calcul ations. It also assumes all individuals are well informed of all of their options and that it is an inherent human tendency to think everyone makes decisions this way. If this is true, it would explain the blind cartel people have in public opinion. It is a faith so devout, it often sways and molds popular far-offming ideals. Pierre Bourdieu strongly negates this view. According to his perspective, if there is no public opinion then, the courts judge based on the whole according to the law, and their own personal judgment, which we perceive in compliance with an imaginary public. The constitution ends up having a very significant say in the lives of the people. This forces us to look at its core creation by the Federalists and the g everywherenment that has grown to live by it. The government we have today has come a large way since its creation by the Founding Fathers. With the new disappointments arising towards the current administration, many have begun to question and ass es the social function of the constitution structured by the Founding Fathers and how it still applies to us today. Some go so far as to suggest that the federalists who framed the constitution insisted on limited federal involvement, but the history of the States shows this is not the case. The Federalists protested limited government, while secretly creating a constitution that might one day form into an all powerful force. In fact, history shows that every official in any given government agency usually tends to take actions to increase the power of the government, whether state or federal, regardless of party classification. This is a traffic pattern specifically structured to maintain a minority class of wealthy elite to rule over the majority. The only difference between then and now is technological advancement and experience in the elitist tame of the masses. If it were not for the presence of these traits in American society, there would be no real physical budge to an alyze. In a sense, nothing has really changed money is still as much the emperor of our soil now, as it was then.Until the twentieth century both scholars and the public revered the Framers as demigods and canonized the Constitution as the crowning symbol of a democratic revolution against tyranny. However, the many publicized political and corporate scandals of the continuous tense Era in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries influenced historians to begin viewing the Constitutional

Globalization in Morocco Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Globalization in Morocco - Essay ExampleThe population of Morocco is approximately 33,757,175 (World Fact Book) with a mixture of ethnic groups like Muslims, Christians, Arabs, Jewish and others. The official language spoken is Arabic and its dialects and the language utilise for business is French. Their legal system is based on Islamic law and French and Spanish well-behaved law systems.The economic policies of Morocco brought some stability to the country in the 1990s but could not tiro sufficient growth to put an end to the prevailing unemployment problems. The problem worsened when draught reduced the outturn in agriculture and as a result wheat had to be imported at cast aside rocketing world prices. Trying to build up small and medium enterprises and its continued dependence on impertinent energy slowed down the economy still further.Therefore Moroccan authorities realize that understanding the reasons for their pauperisation and providing jobs to beat the problem of un employment and improving agriculture are the key points necessary to improve domestic bail and further development. To improve the living conditions of its people the Moroccan Government is trying to implement a a few(prenominal) reforms in their effort of opening its economy to foreign investors.Their currency the dirham is wholly convertible just now for current account transactions. In 2005, the Moroccan Government launched the National Initiative for Human Development (INDH), a $2 billion social development plan that addressed the poverty and unemployment issues of the country and to improve the conditions of the urban slums in the country. (World Fact Book) In 2006, it also took part in the FTA (Free Trade Agreement) (World Fact Book) with the United States to collapse some of the long term issues associated with improvement in education and Job prospects for Moroccan youth. The FTA is also answerable for bridging the gap between the rich and the poor by encouraging touris m and boosting competition in the textile

Planning,Control, and Risk Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Planning,Control, and assay - Research Paper ExampleIn 2011, Steve Jobs unveiled the iCloud, which is an online storage for music, files, photos and software in place of MobileMe. The lodge is also looking forward to the environmental issues that emerge during the production process. Thus, the social club has come up with the foremost of reducing the carbon emission during the production process. In spite of the rise in the gross of the federation everyplace the years, the greenhouse gas emissions have reduced by 15.4% since 2008 in terms of per dollar bill revenue (orchard apple tree Inc., 2012). Rate of Return Apple Inc. is a US based corporation and, therefore, deals in the US dollar value. Internationally, dollar is considered to be the standard scale in understanding the present status of the market. Therefore, both local anesthetic as well as parent currency consequences for Apple Inc. would be in terms of the US dollar. If the caller invests in developing countries w here the market is huge, then the foreign direct investments made by the Apple Inc. will turn out to be fruitful, as the exchange rates of foreign currencies with respect to US dollar are variable over the market. On taking a closer look we tush observe that, as per the present US market, the rest of currencies of the countries in which Apple has invested are of a comparatively lesser valuation. Thus, a deviation occurs with the gross margin and the net sales of the company when computation is do in terms of other foreign currencies. As inflationary pressures are faced by the parsimoniousness at large, it is quite normal that exchange rate fluctuations occur. So the risk of exchange fluctuations still corpse even if the company makes majority of its investment in the US dollar. Since the company has generated a maximum return from Asia Pacific, there form a probability that the foreign direct investment made in this sphere of the world will tend to bring about more returns for the company. The market of Asia Pacific still remains untapped in a lot of sectors which, if invested in, can generate profitable returns for the company. However, before investing in FDIs, Apple Inc. needs to measure all the elements of the financial statement operating in functional currency. The company should also translate the current exchange rate from the functional currency to the reporting currency. Most importantly, the company should be able to assess the economic changes that are responsible for affecting the exchange rates over the net investment. The changes that are generally observed are on each item of assets and liability of the company over the years (FASB, 2012). Role of Accountants in Managerial planning process The comptroller of an organization has a very important role in the operations of the company, based on which the managerial decisions are taken. In the process of account statement, the details of the most useful data related to the transaction of the business are recorded. If the accounting seems to have flaws, the decisions taken by the management may go against the success of the company. However, if all the rules of financial save of a company are taken into consideration in the accounting of the organization, the managerial decisions taken on its basis may turn out to be fruitful for the company. The most vital role of an accountant is maintaining the books of accounts for the future planning of the organiz

Strengths and Weaknesses of Internal and External Recruitment Essay

Strengths and Weaknesses of Internal and External Recruitment - search ExampleThis essay describes todays dynamic companies aims to adapt swiftly to the changing environment. some(prenominal) the human resources department is required to fill vast number of jobs as the company develops juvenile markets and pursues new strategies. New positions tend to require specialized skill sets while new management philosophies look for softer skills such as interpersonal skills. To complicate the matter further, todays employees are more likely to commute jobs, due to the availability of myriad opportunities. The researcher focuses on describing of the process of th human resources department that must define the job requirements, advertise the position, sort though the applicants and choose the best candidates effectively and efficiently. The most in(predicate) recruitment depends on the amount of preparation before the actual process. There are many ship canal to attract a pool of sui table applicants that are described in the essay. The method chosen depends on the time and resources the organisation can afford and the nature of the business. This can be accomplished by weighing the knowledge level, skills etc. of the required candidate to fill the job, how much training he will require, and how much value add the candidate would bring to the table. Investing the time and resources in getting a winning recruit represents sound business practice. Above all, the researcher states that being an employer of choice is a reputation that recruiters need to build within their industries and that is a powerful tool in attracting top talent.

Critical review on the movieThe lottery directed by Madeleine Sackler Movie

Critical on the picture showThe drawing off directed by Madeleine Sackler - Movie Review ExampleAs per the learn, the UFT postulate to repossess the closed pop up building of a public tutor whose ownership changes to that of Harlem group of schools. In contrast, the UTF and the public view this exit as one to degrade the public schools, which is not. A summary of the movies pedigree The film follows in the lives of four children namely Eric Jr., Ameenah, Greg Jr., and Christian whose backgrounds are seemingly different. The film portrays them as being the carriers of the ambitions and dreams of what their parents could not achieve in their hay days. The four children compete for the one opening available in the school. However, the events ring the schools closure give a twist to the whole story. A better part of the anti- mesh schooling activists fight all through to lock out Harlem School from accessing public money. In addition, the closure of the public school draws the v iew that charter schools are better than those public schools. The film depicts the stakes on public education, as not all the stakeholders participate in deciding whether the Harlem Success School should possess the collapsed public school. The chances of fetching these lotteries are relatively low, but the movie shows that it is worth trying their luck. The demands and hindrances posed by the teachers unions are a constant hurdle that public schools have to everyplacecome. In essence, it makes the quality of learning in public schools to deteriorate. The argument brought out in this film is that they need not do away with public schools but should lay down more charter schools to benefit umteen. Sacklers argument was that for her, she was not a politician but she but wanted to point out the real picture of the situation in the society. About the interview she had with Barry Weiss, the movie was not in any way political, as it did not take any political stand. It neither took s ides nor did point accusing fingers at any one. She argues that the inspiration behind the film was the number of disappointed parents she had witnessed during a lottery selection process. The need to ascertain why parents opted to undergo the risky fifty-fifty chance to adopt this chance for their children inspired her to do the film. Essentially, the movies argument was on why the chances to attend charter schools were necessary to many parents and children alike. Secondly, Sacklers argument was that the future of public education was also at stake. harmonize to Weiss, her stumbling upon a group of protesters protesting against the current state of the public schools inspired her into doing the film. The fact that UTF had paid Acorn to silence them over the advocacy of charter schools to public schools during the protest was also present in the film. As per her film, the level of bureaucratism in the public schools and the governing of public schools were detrimental to the child rens future. Therefore, her argument was that a broader look in to the affairs of the teachers unions responsible for the running of public schools was a matter of importance. Her argument was if there were high ranked institutions that could accord high quality of education, and then why not create many others. Thirdly, Miss Sackler argues that many parents ignore what the charter school is about hence they just view it as a admittance to success for their children. In essence, she uses a deaf